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数据分析与知识发现  2021, Vol. 5 Issue (2): 70-82     https://doi.org/10.11925/infotech.2096-3467.2020.0666
  研究论文 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 | 高级检索 |
健康信息可读性对用户认知负荷和信息加工绩效影响眼动实验研究 *
柯青(),丁松云,秦琴
南京大学信息管理学院 南京 210023
Health Information Readability Affects Users’ Cognitive Load and Information Processing: An Eye-Tracking Study
Ke Qing(),Ding Songyun,Qin Qin
School of Information Management,Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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摘要 

【目的】 基于眼动实验分析在线健康信息可读性对用户认知负荷和信息加工绩效的影响。【方法】 构建具有高/低可读性的两组健康信息网页作为实验刺激材料,检验在线健康信息可读性对信息加工绩效的影响效应,认知负荷的中介效应及性别和任务复杂性的调节效应。【结果】 可读性通过影响总注视时间、注视点个数显著影响眼跳距离;通过影响总注视时间、注视点个数以及首次进入时间显著影响任务总时长;通过影响首次进入时间显著影响搜寻结果的准确性。任务复杂性显著调节可读性与首次进入时间之间的关系。【局限】 可读性的计算未考虑用户主观因素;研究样本以高校学生为主;需进一步结合用户自我报告方法来补充论证。【结论】 推动用户信息行为研究深入到信息加工层次,从视觉角度提高可读性以减轻用户认知负荷,促进健康信息利用效率,优化用户健康信息搜寻体验。

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柯青
丁松云
秦琴
关键词 可读性认知负荷信息加工健康信息眼动    
Abstract

[Objective] This paper analyzes the impacts of health informtion readability on users’ cognitive load and information processing. [Methods] We created two sets of health education webpages with high and low readability as experimental materials for the eye tracking tests. Then, we explored the mediating effects of cognitive load and the moderating effects of gender and task complexity. [Results] We found that readability posed significant impacts on saccade distance, as well as the total fixation duration and counts. Readability also significantly influenced the total duration of completed tasks and the accuracy of search results. Task complexity moderated the influence of readability on the time of first fixation. [Limitations] We did not consider the subjective factors of readability and the participants were mainly college students. A self-report method should be included in future studies. [Conclusions] This study promotes user information behavior research to the level of information processing. Improving readability visually could reduce users’ cognitive load, promote utilization efficiency of information, and optimize user searching experience.

Key wordsReadability    Cognitive Load    Information Processing    Health Information    Eye-Tracking
收稿日期: 2020-07-08      出版日期: 2021-03-11
ZTFLH:  G206  
基金资助:*江苏省社会科学基金项目(20TQA003);南京大学人文社会科学双一流建设“百层次”基金项目(2018047)
通讯作者: 柯青 ORCID:0000-0002-6300-2682     E-mail: keqing@nju.edu.cn
引用本文:   
柯青, 丁松云, 秦琴. 健康信息可读性对用户认知负荷和信息加工绩效影响眼动实验研究 *[J]. 数据分析与知识发现, 2021, 5(2): 70-82.
Ke Qing, Ding Songyun, Qin Qin. Health Information Readability Affects Users’ Cognitive Load and Information Processing: An Eye-Tracking Study. Data Analysis and Knowledge Discovery, 2021, 5(2): 70-82.
链接本文:  
https://manu44.magtech.com.cn/Jwk_infotech_wk3/CN/10.11925/infotech.2096-3467.2020.0666      或      https://manu44.magtech.com.cn/Jwk_infotech_wk3/CN/Y2021/V5/I2/70
R 任务复杂性 实验任务
高(解释整合观点、信息) 材料A:文中提到的国家食药总局检出的违禁化学药成分有哪些?副作用是什么?
低(直接提取信息) 材料B:文中提到的元宵检测指标有哪些?
高(解释整合观点、信息) 材料C:蔬菜生吃更有营养吗?为什么?
低(直接提取信息) 材料D:文中提到的养胃雷区有哪些?
Table 1  实验任务表
眼动指标 R 任务复杂性 性别
男性 女性
总注视时间/s 65.28(±37.21) 40.28(±28.50) 69.05(±40.46) 36.51(±18.42) 47.48(±32.75) 57.42(±37.04)
注视点个数 309.02(±163.10) 197.03(±133.63) 332.12(±176.02) 173.93(±84.43) 225.00(±145.58) 277.55(±166.72)
首次进入时间/s 35.32(±15.63) 5.91(±5.43) 24.11(±21.44) 17.12(±15.14) 20.41(±18.92) 20.79(±18.86)
左瞳孔直径变化/mm -0.24(±0.51) -0.13(±0.51) -0.19(±0.53) -0.19(±0.50) -0.22(±0.48) -0.17(±0.55)
右瞳孔直径变化/mm -0.23(±0.52) -0.25(±1.25) -0.19(±0.54) -0.31(±1.25) -0.21(±0.47) -0.28(±1.24)
眼跳距离/mm 2.72(±0.73) 2.86(±0.68) 2.73(±0.66) 3.00(±0.68) 2.82(±0.74) 2.91(±0.63)
任务的总时长/s 108.91(±50.15) 69.21(±42.17) 112.45(±56.22) 65.67(±28.66) 81.31(±43.91) 95.84(±54.66)
准确性 3.66(±0.77) 3.97(±0.26) 3.73(±0.78) 3.90(±0.29) 3.78(±0.62) 3.84(±0.56)
Table 2  实验结果描述性分析(Xˉ与SD)
眼动指标 F P
总注视时间 17.061*** 0.000
注视点个数 16.924*** 0.000
首次进入时间 189.624*** 0.000
左瞳孔直径变化 1.378 0.243
右瞳孔直径变化 0.020 0.887
眼跳距离 5.408* 0.022
任务的总时长 22.018*** 0.000
准确性 8.701** 0.004
Table 3  可读性影响效应的显著性检验结果
因素 总注视时间 注视点个数 首次进入时间
F P F P F P
可读性(R) 17.072*** 0.000 17.203*** 0.000 185.300*** 0.000
性别 2.701 0.103 3.766 0.055 0.031 0.860
交叉项 0.001 0.980 0.031 0.860 0.053 0.819
Table 4  基于可读性和性别的多因素方差分析
因素 总注视时间 注视点个数 首次进入时间
F P F P F P
可读性(R) 22.387*** 0.000 23.475*** 0.000 212.817*** 0.000
任务复杂性 37.937*** 0.000 46.840*** 0.000 12.001** 0.001
交叉项 0.901 0.344 0.835 0.363 4.432* 0.037
Table 5  基于可读性和任务复杂性的多因素方差分析
模型 因变量 非标准化系数 标准系数 t P
B 标准误差 β
M3:R→认知负荷 总注视时间 13.864 2.235 .496 6.203 .000
注视点个数 64.023 9.959 .509 6.429 .000
首次进入时间 10.383 .983 .697 10.563 .000
M1:R→信息加工绩效 眼跳距离 -.130 .048 -.242 -2.708 .008
任务总时长 20.822 3.122 .523 6.670 .000
准确性 -.141 .041 -.301 -3.435 .001
Table 6  可读性对认知负荷、信息加工绩效的回归分析(M1和M3)
因变量 模型 非标准化系数 标准系数 t P
B 标准误差 β
眼跳距离 R -.061 0.054 -.113 -1.124 .263
总注视时间 -.005 .002 -.260* 2.588 .011
R -.070 .055 -.129 -1.265 .208
注视点个数 -.001 .000 -.221* -2.162 .033
R -.040 .066 -.074 -.599 .550
首次进入时间 -.009 .004 -.241 -1.959 .053
任务总时长 R 2.555 1.193 .064* 2.133 .035
总注视时间 1.318 .043 .926*** 30.754 .000
R 1.490 .979 .037 1.522 .131
注视点个数 .302 .008 .954*** 38.775 .000
R 10.685 4.161 .269* 2.568 .011
首次进入时间 .976 .279 .365*** 3.494 .001
准确性 R -.115 .047 -.245* -2.425 .017
总注视时间 -.002 .002 -.114 -1.131 .260
R -.129 .048 -.275 -2.687 .008
注视点个数 .000 .000 -.052 -.509 .612
R -.051 .056 -.110 -.911 .364
首次进入时间 -.009 .004 .275* -2.288 .024
Table 7  可读性、认知负荷对信息加工绩效分层回归(M2)
检验关系 具体假设 结论
在线健康信息可读性(R值)与用户的认知负荷 H1a 支持
H1b 支持
H1c 支持
H1d 拒绝
在线健康信息的可读性(R值)与用户的信息加工绩效 H2a 支持
H2b 支持
H2c 支持
认知负荷的中介作用 H3a 部分支持
H3b 支持
H3c 部分支持
性别和任务复杂性的调节作用 H4a 拒绝
H4b 部分支持
Table 8  可读性对用户信息加工的影响结论汇总
Fig.1  健康信息可读性对用户信息加工影响机制模型
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